Cropping

 Close crop of these images mimics the use of a macro lens when I don't have            
                                         one.  Depends on quality of image.

Vertical and Horizontal frames

 Broad horizon emphasises sky but portrait shot shows more foreground














Rose looks quite different because of camera angle used in portrait shot

Bridge looks about the same size in each of these shots but portrait shot focuses attention on the length of the path.

Cropping

 This crop turns a fairly average rose picture into something much more powerful

Positioning the horizon

 Low horizon emphasises the sky and makes it look leaden and angry




Green of the trees gives more balance and lightens the sky




Totally different picture with greater emphasis on forground.  Lighter colour as camera has set aperture using spot reading in centre of picture





Final image looks unbalanced with too little sky.  Third image is best as horizon cuts across top 1/3rd of vertical axis

Balance

In this photo the rose is in the centre both horizontally and vertically so appears balanced

 This photo has a greater amount to the left, but as the line perspective fades to the right, balance is maintained







The duck is to the left, but neck is central so balance maintained






Fish stall is slightly to the left, but centre is in the centre of the picture.  However large amount of wall to the right disturbs balance.  Better to crop the wall slightly






Man with orange t shirt is not in the exact centre, but increasing heights of man in cap, the orange man then microphone stand and finally man to left creates a balanced effect

Focal lengths at different viewpoints

 First image is at focal length of 105 standing about 15-20 feet away, second image is focal length of 18 standing about 3 feet away.  The curving of the bumper line on the second image is very noticable

Focal lengths

 First distant image is at a focal length of 18 (27 as 35mm equivalent).




Second is at 35 (52 at 35mm)




Third is 58 (87 at 35mm) and fourth is at 105 (157 at 35mm).  All taken on a 18-            
                                           105 lens using a DX (APS-C) sensor camera

Object in different position in frame

 Again playing with my point and shoot for this exercise using LCD rather than viewfinder.  Quite like the diagonal one

Fitting frame to subject

 Shot these using a simple point and shoot (Fuji 500).  Actually easier using LCD than viewfinder as the whole image is displayed and lines / grid useful for guidance. I have always thought of a DSLR viewfinder as being the bees knees, but am thinking that the screen might be useful as well.  Never tried a CSC such as Sony Nex, but might to to Jessops for a play

Using aperture to control depth of field

 These grasses to shot at f5.6 to give a narrow DOF and blurred background.  The steps were shot at f11 to give a wider field.  The wall at f8.  The green of the wall looks good, but the small overhang to the left is a bit yellow so might need tweaking in Lightroom.

Different aperatures

 Experimenting with different apertures f4 and then f15.  First pic is more balance.  Crawled further under bridge for second but the distance has burnt out as I did not lock the aperture reading on the brickwork so it has gone to the bright light of the field beyong